A 60-year-old woman presents to your Emergency Department with two days of increasing abdominal pain and vomiting. She has no significant medical history, with no prior surgeries. You suspect small bowel obstruction (SBO).

1. List (5) potential causes of SBO in this patient 5 marks

As part of your assessment, you perform a bedside ultrasound to assess for SBO.

2. List (3) ultrasound findings that would support the diagnosis of SBO 3 marks

As part of your management, you elect to insert a nasogastric tube (NGT)

3. In general, list (4) contraindications to NGT insertion in ANY patient 4 marks