SAQ Stack

1. List (3) epidemiological differences between HHS and DKA 3 marks

2. List (5) biochemical features that differ between HHS and DKA 5 marks

3. Please list the criteria used for diagnosis of diabetic ketoacidosis 3 marks

The patient’s initial blood results are shown below:

pH                  7.33    (7.35 – 7.45)
pCO2                50 mmHg
pO2                 89 mmHg
HCO3                22 mmol/L      (18 – 26)
Hb                 118 mmol/L     (120 – 165)
Na                 137 mmol/L     (135 – 145)
K                    4.6 mmol/L     (3.5 – 5.0)
Cl                  98 mmol/L      (98 – 110)
Glucose             50 mmol/L      (3.5 – 5.5)
Lactate              2.3 mmol/L     (0.5 – 2.2)

Urea                29 mmol/L      (3 – 8)
B-hydroxybutyrate    2.3 mmol/L     (<1.2)
  

4. Complete the following table with respect to the above results for anion gap, corrected sodium and osmolality. Show your working 3 marks

5. What is the MOST LIKELY diagnosis for this patient? 1 mark

6. List (3) common precipitants for this illness 3 marks