You are performing a POCUS lung scan on a 65-year-old man with acute shortness of breath. He has a history of COPD and CCF. He has been in your ED for over 12 hours when he becomes more acutely dyspnoeic. Image A was obtained on arrival in the R upper zone of the chest. Image B was obtained in the same zone when his clinical state deteriorated.

SOB POCUS

1. Identify the main features labelled 1 to 4 in images A and B 4 marks

2. List (4) points that define FEATURE 4 in question (a). 4 marks

3. List (4) sonographic findings that indicate that FEATURE 4 is highly indicative of heart failure. 4 marks

The patient appears distressed with the following observations : HR 120 regular BP 180/115 RR 36 Sats 88% 15L/min NRB GCS 14 Temp 37.4

4. Give your top (2) therapeutic measures with justification, dose/parameters/endpoints where appropriate. 6 marks