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A neonate born prematurely and recently discharged from NICU presents at 39 weeks corrected age. He has a known left indirect inguinal hernia awaiting elective repair. Today his mother reports irritability and that the hernia is no longer reducible. The paediatric surgical team has asked you to attempt reduction in the Emergency Department.

1. List (4) symptoms or signs that are contraindications to attempted reduction. 4 marks

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2. List (3) alternative diagnoses for an inguinoscrotal mass in a neonate. 3 marks

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3. Briefly outline your preparation and describe your technique for reduction of an indirect inguinal hernia in a neonate. 5 marks

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