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An 85-year-old woman is brought in by ambulance after falling in the shower. On examination her right knee is grossly swollen with an overlying small wound over the medial aspect of the knee joint. Her past history includes morbid obesity, obstructive sleep apnoea, end-stage CKD, CCF and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Swollen Knee

1. List (4) important X-ray findings. 4 marks

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2. List (4) complications associated with this injury. 4 marks

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The patient has been admitted under Orthopaedics but remains in ED overnight due to access block. A nurse asks you to review her because she is now drowsy and not responding to painful stimulus.

3. List (4) possible causes for her drowsiness. 4 marks

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