An otherwise well 5-month-old girl presents to the Emergency Department with fever (39.2°C) for 24 hours, vomiting and reduced feeding.

1. List (4) clinical features or risk factors that increase the likelihood of a urinary tract infection in this child. 4 marks

2. Describe (2) appropriate methods of urine collection in this age group with (1) advantage and (1) disadvantage. 4 marks

3. Describe (4) key urinalysis + microscopy findings that support the diagnosis of UTI and briefly explain their significance. 4 marks

4. Outline (4) key principles in the management of this child. 4 marks

5. State (2) situations where further imaging or specialist referral would be indicated following this presentation. 2 marks