A 6-year-old girl presents to a large mixed ED with 2 weeks of cough and intermittent fever. For the past 5 days she has had a fever and been unable to lie down flat, becoming agitated whenever anybody tries to encourage or compel her to do so. Vital signs are:

  • Temp 37.1°C
  • HR 120 bpm
  • BP 107/80 mmHg
SaO2 100% on room air.

Cough, fever and unable to lie flat

1. List (6) key features you will seek in your physical examination and a rationale for each. 6 marks

2. List (3) severe complications she is at risk of within the next 24 hours and the management steps you will take to ameliorate the risk. 3 marks

3. List important differential diagnoses to consider. 3 marks