A 30-year-old homeless male presents to your tertiary ED with a productive cough, fever, shortness of breath and haemoptysis. He has a history of IV drug use but no other past medical history. His observations are :

  • HR 140
  • BP 90/55
  • RR 30
  • Sats 91%RA
  • T 38°C

Pneumonia

1. List (4) pertinent findings on this X-ray. (4 marks) 4 marks

2. List (4) common infectious and (2) non-infectious causes of such an appearance on chest X-ray. (6 marks) 6 marks

3. List and justify (4) other investigations to aid management. (4 marks) 4 marks

4. What are the main steps in the acute management of this patient with appropriate end points or targets. (4 marks) 4 marks