A 72-year-old fisherman is retrieved from the ocean after being swept off a rock-ledge. He has a history of type 2 diabetes and hypertension. He has been bought directly to your ED by road. On arrival to resus, your team applies monitoring and obtains IV access. Initial vitals are as follows :

  • Temp 30°C, HR 120, BP 90/ 55, RR 28, Sats 94% on 15L/min O2 via NRB , GCS 11, BSL 3.2
There is no external evidence of major head trauma, no gross limb deformity and he can move all limbs. He appears to be tiring.

1. State details of your FIRST (4) steps in management. 4 marks

2. Name (2) risk factors for drowning by each category 4 marks

3. In addition to hypothermia, list (4) complications of drowning. 4 marks