You are the sole FACEM working in a small rural emergency department without surgical cover. A 13-year-old male presents with complaints of right ear pain following a clash with another player whilst playing rugby. He is otherwise well and reports no other injuries. A clinical photograph of the ear is below.

Swollen ear

1. Describe the clinical findings, providing a diagnosis. 2 marks

You perform an auricular block as part of your pain management strategy.

2. List the four nerves that provide sensory innervation of the external ear. 4 marks

3. Name a local anaesthetic agent, including its maximal safe dose that could be used. 1 mark

4. In addition to providing adequate analgesia and a regional auricular block, outline three important steps in the emergency management of this patient. 3 marks

5. State two potential complications of this condition. 2 marks