A 19-year-old man presents following a syncopal episode while playing basketball. He is now haemodynamically stable.

Syncope during basketball

1. List two relevant abnormalities on the ECG. 2 marks

2. What is the most likely diagnosis? 1 mark

3. List three features on history that support a diagnosis of cardiac syncope in a young adult. 3 marks

4. Outline six causes of cardiogenic syncope in young adults and the associated ECG findings. 6 marks