An 85-year-old woman with a history of ischaemic heart disease and a DDD pacemaker presents with palpitations and syncope.

Paced syncope

1. List five abnormalities on the ECG. 5 marks

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She has runs of stable non-sustained VT with a cardiac output.

2. List three medication treatment options including dosages. 3 marks

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3. Give four possible causes of the patient’s pacemaker malfunction. 4 marks

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