A 60-year-old man has presented to your ED with a history of haematemesis. He is a chronic alcoholic. Vitals are as follows HR 100 BP 95/60 and he appears pale. FBC shows a Hb of 70g/L and MCV 105 fL (81-95)

1. List four causes of raised mean corpuscular volume. 2 marks

2. List four medical comorbidities associated with alcohol use disorder. 4 marks

You are concerned for variceal bleeding. The patient has another large haematemesis and is moved to the resus room and placed on monitoring. Large bore IV access has been obtained by your team. Vitals are now HR 105 BP 90/50 RR 24 Sats 97% RA GCS 15

3. Outline management priorities in suspected variceal bleeding. 6 marks