A 29-year-old woman at 33 weeks gestation presents following an MVA (car vs tree at 50 km/h). She was restrained with airbag deployment and now complains of abdominal pain.

1. Other than motor vehicle accidents, what are the two most common causes of trauma in pregnancy? 2 marks

2. List five pregnancy-specific complications of trauma and provide a positive clinical or investigation finding for each. 5 marks

3. What is the significance of a seat-belt bruise across the lower abdomen? 1 mark

4. List four relevant facts relating to the utility of bedside ultrasound in the assessment of the pregnant trauma patient. 4 marks