A 46-year-old man is brought to the resuscitation bay following a 3-metre fall from a work platform onto a horizontal metal railing. He complains of central chest pain. He is clammy and diaphoretic with a chest wall contusion. There are no other obvious injuries. Vital signs: BP 84/50, RR 24, SpO₂ 99% RA, GCS 15. A 12-lead ECG is provided.

Blunt chest trauma with shock

1. List three abnormal features of his ECG. 3 marks

2. List three potential non-haemorrhagic causes of shock in this trauma patient and describe your expected POCUS findings for each. 6 marks

The eFAST is negative

3. Outline six immediate priorities in the ongoing care of this patient. 6 marks

4. List three regional anaesthesia techniques which may be used for rib fracture-associated pain management. 3 marks