A 65-year-old man presents with acute atraumatic lower back pain.

1. List seven key history features that may suggest serious underlying pathology. 7 marks

After taking your history you are concerned about possible cauda equina syndrome.

2. List four examination findings that would support your diagnosis. 4 marks

3. List the most important immediate investigation and the most important treatment if confirmed. 2 marks

4. List the most common cause and four other causes for cauda equina syndrome. 5 marks