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1 Pill Killers (paeds) 1 sip or swallow killers (paeds) 12-lead ECG (12-lead)1:1 P:QRS 1° and 2° repolarisation changes 2:1 P:QRS 3:1 P:QRS 4 causes of hypoxaemia 4 muscle layers of the foot 4 types of emphysema 4:1 or Higher P:QRS 4AT 5th metatarsal # A-a gradient A-V Sequential Pacing (A-V Paced)AAA AAA ultrasound AAA USS AAAs Abbreviated Injury Score ABC score for MTP ABCD2 score Abdominal and Pelvic lymph nodes Abdominal compartment syndrome Abdominal CT (Abdo CT)Abdominal distension Abdominal Ex Abdominal Hernias Abdominal Motility abnormalities Abdominal Pain (Abdo Pain)Abdominal paracentesis Abdominal potential spaces Abdominal Tumours Abdominal X-ray (AXR)Abnormal haemoglobins Abnormal QRS (Abn QRS)Abnormal uterine bleeding Abscess Absence of RS Absent P Wave (Absent P)Absent Q Wave in V5-6 Absorption of drugs Absorption of vitamins and minerals Accelerated Idio Ventricular Rhythm (AIVR)Accelerated Junctional Rhythm (Accel Junctional)Access block and overcrowding Accessing Ports or Tunnelled devices Accessory muscle use ACE inhibitors and ARBs Acetabular # Acetazolamide Acetazolamide toxicity Achalasia triad Achilles tendon rupture Achilles tendonitis Acid trapping Acid-base Acidemia Acidosis ACL injury ACLS Acromioclavicular movements and stability Actions of the diaphragm Activated charcoal Activating disaster plan Active Chest Pain Acute adrenal insufficiency Mx Acute anterior shoulder subluxation acute coronary syndrome Acute coronary syndromes Acute inflammation Acute kidney injury (AKI)Acute limb ischemia Acute lung injury / ARDS Acute on Chronic Acute pancreatitis Acute pulmonary oedema Acute renal failure Acute renal failure causes Acute renal failure consequences Acute scrotum Acute spinal cord compression Acute tubular necrosis ADD-RS (Aortic dissection) Addison's Adductor canal Adenosine ADH agonists and antagonists Adhesive capsulitis Adrenal crisis Adrenal insufficiency Adrenal medullary hormones Adrenal morphology Adrenaline Adrenaline in bronchospasm Adreno ceptors Adrenocepter agonist selectivity Adrenoceptor antagonist selectivity Adrenoceptor distribution Adrenoceptor subunits Adrenoreceptor desensitisation Adult AF RVR Age Aging heart changes Agitation AIDS AIMS65 score Air pollution Airway adjunct insertion Airway burns Airway resistance Airway trauma Alcohol abuse Alcohol withdrawl Alcohol Withdrawl Scale Alcoholic ketoacidosis Alcoholic liver disease Alcohols poisoning Alkalemia Alkalosis Allergic reactions Allis manoeuvre Allosteric modulators Alpha blocker pharmacology Altered Altered level of consciousness & coma Alternative approaches to blood gases Altitude and gas transport Altitude illness Alvarado score Alveolar gas equation Amblyopia Aminocaproic acid Amiodarone Amphetamines Amputation management Amyl nitrite (poppers) Amyloidosis Anaemia Anaemia Path Anaesthetics Anal pain Analgesia adjuncts Anaphylactoid reactions Anaphylaxis Anasarca Anatomic, cyclic and autonomic considerations of visceral function Anatomical neck of humerus # Anatomical planes Anatomical Problems Anatomical snuff box Anatomically challenging airways Aneurysm Angina drugs Angioedema Angiogenesis Anion Gap (AG)Anion Gap & Delta Ratio Anion gap calculation Anisocoria Ankle and foot bones Ankle fracture dislocation Ankle ligaments Ankle pain Ankle problems Ankle sprain Ankle stability Ankle Ultrasound Ankle X-ray Ankle/Foot X-ray Ankle/foot xray interpretation (Foot XR)Anorectal abscesses Anorexia nervosa (Anorexia)ANP Antacid poisoning Antacid toxicity Antenatal screening Antepartum Haemorrhage (APH) anterior Anterior fat pad sign Anterior hip dislocation Anterior humeral line anterior infarct Anterior Ischemia (ISCAN)Anterior shoulder dislocation Anterior ST Depression (STD anterior)Anterior ST Elevation (Anterior STE)Anterolateral Ischemia (ISCAL)Anteroseptal Ischemia (ISCAS)Anteroseptal Myocardial Infarction Anti arrhythmic drugs Anti diarrhoeals Anti Gout Drugs Anti mycobacterial drugs Anti parasitic drugs Anti Parkinsonian medications Anti seizure drugs Anti spasmodics Anti thyroid drugs Anti-emetics Anti-Parkinsonian poisoning Anti-tuberculous poisoning Anti-ulcer medications Antiarrhythmic poisoning Antibiotic poisoning Antibiotics in renal impairment Antibody classes Anticholinergic indications Anticholinergic poisoning Anticholinergic toxicity Anticoagulant poisoning Anticoagulation Anticonvulsant poisoning Antidepressant poisoning Antidepressants Antidiarrhoeal poisoning Antidotes Antidromic AVRT (AVRT Anti)Antifungal poisoning Antifungals Antihistamine poisoning Antihypertensive poisoning Antihypertensives Antiparasitic poisoning Antiplatelets Antipsychotic poisoning Antipsychotics Antiseptic poisoning Antiseptics Antithrombotic properties of endothelium Antitussives Antivenoms Antiviral agents Antiviral poisoning Anxiety and panic attacks Aortic Dissection Aortic Dissection Detection Risk Score (ADD-RS) Aortic Stenosis APACHE-II APGAR scale Apoptosis Appendicitis Arachadonic acid pathways Arches of the foot ARDS Arm and forearm arteries Arm cross sectional anatomy Arm muscles Arm nerves Arrest Arrest post sternotomy Arrest rhythms Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy (ARVD)arterial Arterial Blood Gas Arterial line insertion Arterial pulse tapping artefact Arterial stab Arterial tourniquet Arterial vs venous blood gases Arteries of the abdomen Arteries of the abdominal wall Arteries of the brain Arteries of the face and scalp Arteries of the foot Arteries of the lower limb Arteries of the thoracic wall Arteriosclerosis Arthritis Arthrocentesis Arthrus reaction ASA grade Ashman Aberrancy Ashman Beat Ashman Phenomenon ASIA Aslanger Pattern MI Aspiration Aspirin ASTE Formula False Negative ASTE Formula False Positive ASTE Formula Negative ASTE Formula Positive Asthma Asthma anaphylaxis (AMAX4) Asthma medication classes Asthma vs PE Asymmetrical P in V1 (Asymm P V1)Asymmetry Asystole Atelectasis Atelectasis and subtypes Atelectasis as collapsed lung Atenolol Atherosclerosis Athlete's Heart Atlantoaxial dislocation Atrial Bigeminy Atrial Enlargement Atrial Escape Atrial Escape Beat (AEB)Atrial extrasystole Atrial Fibrillation (AF)Atrial Fibrillation with Rapid Ventricular Response (AF + RVR)Atrial Flutter (AFlutter)Atrial Flutter + Variable Block (AFlutter Variable)Atrial Flutter 1:1 Atrial Flutter 2:1 Atrial flutter 4:1 Atrial Infarction (Atrial MI)Atrial Pacing (Atrial Paced)Atrial rate Atrial rhythms Atrial Septal Defect Atrial Tachycardia (ATach)Atrioventricular Node Re-entrant Tachycardia (AVNRT)Atrioventricular Re-entry Tachycardia (AVRT)Atrophy Atropine Aural toilet & wick Auricular block Auricular haematoma drainage Auroscope Ex Autoimmune disease mechanisms Autonomic effects on pacemaker cells Autotransfusion AV & SA Blocks AV Block AV Dissociation Avascular necrosis of the hip Axilla anatomy Axillary artery Axillary spaces Axis Azithromycin Back pain - lumbar Back pain - thoracic Backward CXR Baclofen poisoning Bacterial resistance Bacterial toxins and superantigens Bacterial tracheitis Bacteriostatic vs bacteriocidal Bag Valve Mask ventilation Bainbridge reflex Baker's cyst Balanitis Balloon tamponade of gastro-oesophageal varices Bankart and Hill-Sachs Bankart lesion Barbiturates Bariatric airway management Bariatric trauma Barking cough Baroreceptors Barrets oesophagus Bartholin's cyst / abscess Barton # Bartter syndrome Base Excess (BE)Baseline Artefact Baseline artefacts Baseline ECG Basic Acid Base Basic echo in life support Basic Pharmacology Definitions Basic Rhythms Basic sinus rhythms BBB Variations Beer potomania Behaviour disturbance Belhassen-type VT BELS Benign Early Repolarisation Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Benign T wave Inversion (Benign Tinv)Benign vs malignant tumours Benzodiazepines Benztropine Berlin criteria for ARDS Beta agonist toxicity Beta blocker pharmacology Beta Blocker Toxicity Beta lactams Bezold-Jarisch reflex Biatrial Enlargement Biatrial hypertrophy Biceps tendon rupture Bidirectional Ventricular Tachycardia (BiVT)Biers block Bifascicular block + MI Bifid T Wave Bigeminy (Bigem)Biliary ultrasound Bilirubin metabolism Bimanual and vaginal speculum examination Bioavailability Biochemistry interpretation Biologic weapons Biotransformation Biphasic Down-Up T wave Biphasic stridor Biphasic T Wave (Biphasic T)Biphasic T waves Biphasic Up-Down T Wave (Up-Down T)Biphasic wave (biphasic)BISAP (Pancreatitis) Bite wounds Biventricular Hypertrophy Biventricular pacing (Bivent paced)Bladder control Bladder injury Blast injury Bleeding airway / tongue Bleeding disorders Blepharitis Blocked Premature Atrial Complex (Blocked PAC)Blood brain barrier mechanisms Blood cell types Blood clots travel to lungs Blood cultures Blood Gas (ABG/VBG) (Gas)Blood gas quality problems Blood Gases Blood types Blue ringed octopus Blunt abdominal trauma Blunt CerebroVascular Injury (BCVI) Blunt chest trauma Blunt neck trauma Blunt neck trauma Body aches vs hypercalcemia Body fluid compartments, composition and measurement Body packing Boerhaave syndrome (Boerhaave's)Bone development disorders Bone structure Bone tumours, cysts and mimics Botulism Botulism path Bougie manipulation Boutonniere deformity Bowel obstruction Boxer # Brachial artery Brachial plexus Brachial plexus block Brachial plexus injury Brachial plexus relations Brady syncope Bradycardia (Brady)Bradypnoea Brain death Brain lobes Brain metabolism Brainstem BRASH Breaking bad news Breast abscess Breast cancer Breasts Bronchiectasis Bronchiolitis Bronchitis Bronchopulmonary dysplasia BRUE BRUE criteria Brugada sign Brugada Syndrome Brugada Syndrome Type 1 (Brugada 1)Brugada Syndrome Type 2 Brugada Syndrome Type 3 (Brugada 3)Buckle # Buffers Bug Drafts Bullying and harassment Bundgaard syndrome (Bundgaard)Bundle branch block Bundle branch blocks Bundle Branch Reentrant Ventricular Tachycardia (BBVT)Bupivacaine Burn Burns Burns % estimation C1 inhibitor deficiency Ca Cachexia Caffeine toxicity CAGE CAL Calcaneal # Calcifications Calcium and phosphorus metabolism Calcium Channel Blocker Toxicity Calcium channel blockers Calculation of renal plasma flow CAM boots Camel hump sign of Osborne Camel hump T wave Canadian C-Spine Rule Canadian CT head rule Canadian syncope rule Cancer evading host defence Candidiasis Cannabinoid hyperemesis Capacity & Consent Capillaries and Venous return Capnography Captain Morgan manoeuvre Capture Beat (Capture)Carbamazepine Carbamazepine Toxicity Carbohydrate digestion and absorption Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors Cardiac aneurysm Cardiac Arrest (Arrest)Cardiac arrest drugs Cardiac Contusion Cardiac cycle Cardiac muscle action potentials Cardiac muscle metabolism Cardiac output Cardiac oxygen consumption Cardiac T Wave Memory (T Memory)Cardiac tamponade Cardiac tumours Cardiac volumes Cardiogenic shock Cardiomyopathies Cardiomyopathy Cardiomyoplasty Artefact Cardiovascular Cardiovascular effects of sympathomimetics Cardiovascular Ex Cardioversion & Defibrillation Carotid sheath Carpal # Carpal bones Carpal tunnel anatomy Carpal tunnel syndrome Carpometacarpal dislocation Cauda equina Causes of GI polyps Causes of GORD Causes of haematemesis Causes of increased interstitial fluid volume Causes of secondary hypertension Causes of ureteral obstruction Cavitating lung lesions CCB CCF Cell communication Cell organelles Cellular ageing Cellulitis CENTOR Central slip injury Central venous pressure Cephalosporins Cerebral aneurysm locations and frequency Cerebral blood flow Cerebral oedema Cerebral salt wasting syndrome Cerebral T wave Cerebral tumours Cerebral venous thrombosis CerebroVascular Accident Cerumen impaction Cervical disc herniation Cervical lymphadenitis vs malignancy Cervical radiculopathy Cervical spine imaging Cervical spinous process # Cervicitis / endocervicitis CHA2DS2-VASC Challenge: Absent or Hidden P waves Challenge: Atrial rates Challenge: Electrode misplacement Challenge: Idiopathic VTs Challenge: Indeterminate axis Challenge: Ladder diagrams Challenge: LGL and other syndromes Challenge: More ectopic variations Challenge: P:QRS ratio Challenge: Paediatric axis Challenge: Paediatric Rates Challenge: PR segment variations Challenge: QRS additions Challenge: QRS disruption Challenge: Rate at nonstandard calibration Challenge: Rate variability Challenge: SA block types Challenge: SA exit block and sinus pause Challenge: Sinus Tachycardia Variants Challenge: ST concordance Challenge: Tachycardias and Pre-excitation Challenge: Types of AVNRT Challenge: Types of AVRT Challenge: WCT algorithms Challenge: Wolff Parkinson White types Challenges chamber enlargement chamber hypertrophy Chance # Change in Rhythm (Δ Rhythm)Changes in pressure and velocity of flow in systemic circulation Changing QRS Axis Channelopathies Chelating agents Chemical burns Chemical mediators of acute inflammation Chemoreceptors Chest Compression Artefact (Chest Compressions)Chest CT Chest drain insertion anatomy Chest Leads Chest Pain Chest X-ray (CXR)Child Pugh Chloramphenicol Chloride shift Choking child Cholangitis Cholecystitis Cholelithiasis Cholesteatoma Cholinesterase inhibitors Cholinomimetics Chondritis / perichondritis Chondrosarcoma Chronic inflammation Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)Chronic pain management Chronic pancreatitis Chronic renal failure Chronic shoulder subluxation Circulating substances affecting blood flow Circulation changes at birth Circumventricular organs CIWA-Ar score (alcohol) CK Cl Classen grading Classic Anterior MI (Anterior MI)Classic AnteroLateral MI (AntLat MI)Classic Inferior MI Classic Inferolateral MI (InfLat MI)Classic Inferoposterior MI Classic InferoPosteroLateral MI (InfPostLat MI)Classic Lateral MI (Lat MI)Classic Posterolateral MI Classic ST elevation MI Classic STEMI Classic Wellens A MI (Wellens A)Classic Wellens B MI (Wellens B MI)Classification of CNS vascular malformations Classification of vasculitides Clavicle Clavicular muscles Clearance Clenched fist injury Clexane Clinical diagnosis Clinical governance Clinical handover Clinical photo interpretation Clockwise rotation Clonidine poisoning Clopidogrel Closed shoulder reduction Closing the Gap Clostridia Cloudy cornea Cluster headache CNS action potentials CNS infections CNS Respiratory depression CO poisoning CO2 dissociation curve CO2 transport in blood Coagulation cascade Coagulation tests Coagulopathy Coarse AF Cocaine Cocaine Toxicity Code Red: Fire in the ED Cognitive biases COHb Colchicine Collapse Collapse on Australian Beach DDx Colles # Coma Common autoimmune conditions Common bacterial infections Common eye conditions Common GI malignancies Common Inotropes Common MSK tumours Common viral infections Compare humoral and cellular immunity Compare innate and acquired immunity Compare skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscle Compartment syndrome Mx Compartments of leg Compensation Complaints Complement cascade Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) Complication of immunosuppressant agents Complications of cardiac transplantation Complications of chemotherapy Complications of renal dialysis Complications of rheumatic drugs Complications of valve replacement Complications of wound healing Composition of normal urine Concave ST Elevation Concealed conduction (Concealed)Concordant ST Depression in V1-V3 (Concordant STD V1-3)Concordant ST Elevation (Concordant STE)Concussion Conditions predisposing to cancer Confidentiality & Privacy Confirming endotracheal tube position Confusion Confusion or behaviour change while diving DDx Congenital adrenal insufficiency Congenital causes of jaundice Congenital diaphragmatic hernia Congenital GI abnormalities Congenital heart disease congenital long QT Congenital pyloric stenosis Congenital syndromes Congenital vascular ring Congestive heart failure Conjunctivitis Conn and Modell classification Conn syndrome Connective tissue syndromes in paediatrics Consequences of atherosclerosis Consequences of MI Constipation Contact management with infectious disease Continuous renal replacement therapies Contraception Contrast Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma Contrast ITP and TTP Contrast nephropathy Control of BP Control of breathing Control of posture and movement Conus medullaris Convex ST Elevation COPD COPD Bode index Cor Pulmonale Cormac Lehane Corneal abrasions Corneal foreign body removal Coronary Artery Dissection (Coronary Dissection)Coronary Artery Spasm Coronary circulation Coronary circulation mechanisms Coronary Embolism Coronary Sinus Rhythm Coronary steal syndrome Corrected K calculation Corrected Na Corrected Na calculation Corrosive poisoning Corticosteroids Cough Counterclockwise rotation Countercurrent mechanism Couplet Coupling Coved ST Elevation COVID airway management COVID-19 COWS (opioid) COX-2 selectivity CPPD CPR-Induced Consciousness (CPRIC) Cranial Burr Holes Cranial nerves overview Cranial neve disorders Crashing on ventilator creatinine CRISTAL (pall care) Critical Arrhythmia Critical Electrolyte Abnormality Critically Unwell Crochetage sign (Crochetage)Cromoglycate and montelukast Cross over hypersensitivity in antibiotics Croup Croup path CRPS Crush injury Crush syndrome Cryptorchidism CSCATTT CSF CSF interpretation CT Brain (CTB)CTG Cubital fossa anatomy Cuboid # Cultural safety Cuneiform # CURB-65 Cushing disease Cushing reflex Cushing syndrome Cutaneous circulation regulation Cutaneous innervation of the lower limb Cutaneous nerves of the arm and foream Cutaneous, deep and visceral sensation CVA CVA & TIA CVC insertion CVP measurement CXR Airway CXR Breathing CXR Circulation CXR Diaphragm CXR Extra - bones and soft tissues CXR Extra - lines CXR Extra projections CXR Quality problems CXR Systems Cyanosis Cystic conditions of the ovaries Cystic fibrosis D1 Occlusion D2 Occlusion Dacryocystitis Dagger Q Wave Danger triangle of the face Davenport diagram DCM Ddevelopmental anomalies affecting the CNS DDx De Quervain's tenosynovitis De Winter T wave De Winter T waves Death & Coroner DeBakey classification Debriefing Decontamination Deep cervical fascia Deeply Inverted T Wave Defecation Definition and classification of diarrhoea Dehydration Delayed activation wave Delayed Sequence Intubation Delirium Delta 0.4-0.8 Delta 0.8-2 Delta <0.4 Delta >2 Delta ratio Delta ratio calculation Delta Wave Dementia Dengue fever Dental infections Dental trauma Denver screening criteria Depolarisation Depression and anxiety Dermal decontamination Dermatitis and eczema Dermatological manifestations of neoplastic disorders Dermatological manifestations of underlying systemic disease Dermatomes of the lower limb Describing complexes Design an ED Developmental dysplasia of hip Developmental hip dislocation Dexamethasone Dexmedetomidine Dextrocardia Diabetes complications Diabetes drugs Diabetes insipidus Diabetes mellitus (DM)Diabetes mellitus type 1 Diabetes mellitus type 2 Diabetic foot infection Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)Diabetic neuropathy Diabetic renal disease Diagnostic peritoneal lavage Diaphragm Diaphragmatic apertures Diaphragmatic rupture Diarrhoea Dibaetes mellitus pathophys DIC Did Not Wait & Leaving AMA Difficult BVM predictors Difficult intubation predictors (LEMON assessment) Difficult IV Access Options Difficult LMA predictors Difficult surgical airway predictors Diffuse axonal injury Diffuse Subendocardial Ischaemia Diffusion and osmosis Diffusion and perfusion limited gas exchange Digital ring block Digoxin Digoxin antibody fragments Digoxin Effect Digoxin effect vs. toxicity Digoxin Toxicity (Dig Tox)Dilated Cardiomyopathy Diphtheria Disaster anticipated problems in first 24h Disaster scene management Disaster Stand Down Discitis Discordant ST Changes (Discordant ST)Disinfectants Disorders of chest wall Disorders of white cells Disrupted QRS Transition Dissection Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) Dissociation curves for myoglobin and HbF Distal clavicle # Distribution of blood flow within the lung Disulfiram reaction Diuretic abuse Diuretic mechanisms Diuretics Diverticular disease Diving and decompression sickness Dizziness (Dizzy)Dizzy diver DDx Dizzy: cerumen vs ICH DKA DMARDs Dobutamine Domestic violence Dominant S in V5 or V6 Dopamine Dose-Response Curves Double Speed Calibration (Double Speed)Double Tachycardia Downsloping ST Depression (STD Downsloping)Downsloping TP Segment Drowning Drowsiness Drug & Electrolyte Mimics Drug abuse Drug Permeation Mechanisms Drug testing, levels and screening Drug trial phases Drug-Receptor Bonds Drug-Receptor Interactions Drugs affecting the eye Drugs and children Drugs and pregnancy Drugs and the elderly Drugs of abuse Dry mouth Duke's criteria for endocarditis DVT Dynamic Changes (Dynamic)Dynamic Mimics Dynamic reocclusion Dynamic reperfusion Dynamics Dysfunctional uterine bleeding Dysmenorrhoea Dysphagia Dyspnoea (SOB)Dystonic reactions Dysuria E coli Ear anatomy Ear foreign body Early pregnancy ultrasound Early Pregnancy USS Early QRS Transition (Early Transition)Early R Wave Progression Early Repolarisation with Dynamic T Wave Eating disorders EBV ECG Basics ECG Blocks ECG Blocks & Rhythms II ECG Clinical Reasoning ECG double counting HR ECG Hyperkalemia ECG Hypokalemia ECG Hypothermia ECG Interpretation ECG Ischemia & Infarction ECG machine interpretation ECG Patterns ECG Rhythms ECG Shapes Echo Echo beat ECMO ECR criteria ECT complications Ectopic atrial rhythms Ectopic junctional rhythms Ectopic pregnancy Ectopic pregnancy types Ectopic resus (outside resus bay) Ectopic ventricular rhythms Eczema herpeticum ED Fellowship ED50, EC50, TD50, LD50 EDACS Education program design eFAST Effect of gravity on arterial and venous pressure Effects and uses of alpha agonism Eicosanoids Elbow condylar # Elbow injury Elbow movements Elbow relocation Elbow stability Elbow X-ray Elbow X-ray Interpretation Elder abuse Elderly abdominal pain Elderly Fall Elderly Functional Assessment Elderly resuscitation Electrical alternans Electrical and radiation injury Electrical injury and Lightning strike Electrical Interference Artefact (Electrical Artefact)Electrical storm Electrode Detachment (Electrode Off)Electrode LA Electrode LL Electrode Misplacement (Misplaced)Electrode RA Electrode RL Electrode V1 Electrode V2 Electrode V3 Electrode V4 Electrode V5 Electrode V6 Electrodes Electrolyte and miineral poisoning Electrolyte monitoring Electrolytes Electrophysiology of acute MI Elimination kinetics Ellis classification Emergency contraception Emergent cardiac pacing Empyema End of life care discussion Endo & Metabolic Endocarditis Endometriosis Endometriosis and adenomyosis Endophthalmitis Endotoxin Endotracheal drug delivery Endurance exercise Enhanced elimination enlargement ENT & Dental ENT photo ENT photo Enteric nervous system Environmental Environmental Problems Environmental strategy & climate change Epicondylar # Epidemiology and prevention of poisoning Epidemiology of cancer Epididymo-ochitis Epididymo-orchitis Epidural abscess Epiglottitis Epistaxis Epsilon Wave (Epsilon)EPSPs and IPSPs Equipment purchase or business case Equivalents Ergot alkaloid poisoning Ergot alkaloids Erythema multiforme Erythema nodosum Erythropoietin Escape Beat Escape rhythm Escharotomy Esmolol Ethanol Etomidate Eucalyptus & Essential oil poisoning Euglycemic ketoacidosis (EKA)Ewing sarcoma Excessive Discordant ST Elevation (Excess Disc. STE)Exercise Exercise and the heart Exercise and the lung Expected A-a calculation Expected CO2 Expected CO2 & HCO3 Expected CO2 calculation Expected HCO3 Expected HCO3 calculation Explaining waves Extension teardrop # Extensor expansion Extra Beats Extra leads Extracellular matrix structure and function Extraction ratio Extraoccular muscles Extreme axis deviation DDx Extreme QRS Axis (Extreme Axis)Extremity trauma Extrinsic back muscle details Extrinsic back muscles Extubation Eye Eye Ex Eye foreign bodies Eye malignancies Eye photo Eye physiology Eye trauma Ezetimibe Face muscles Face xray FACES Facet dislocation Facet joints Facial bones CT Facial injury Facial nerve blocks Facial nerve branches Facial packing Factors influencing development of an infarct Factors influencing wound healing Failure to Capture Failure to Sense Fall False AF False ST Mimics Familial Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF)Familial tumour syndromes involving the CNS Fascia and compartments of the foot Fascia and pouches of the urogenital triangle Fascia Iliaca Block Fascia of leg Fascia of the thoracic wall Fascia of the upper limb including clavipectoral Fascial compartments Fascicular block Fascicular Blocks Fascicular tachycardia Fascicular Ventricular Tachycardia (FVT)fascicular VT Fasciotomy Fast Fast-Slow AVNRT FAT Fates of thrombus FBC interpretation Features of the anal triangle Febrile neutropenia Febrile seizure criteria Feeding tube management Female Female internal genital organs Femoral artery Femoral head # Femoral herniae Femoral nerve Femoral nerve block Femoral stab Femoral traction splint Femoral triangle Femur Femur X-ray Fever Fever in pregnancy Fever in the returned traveller Fever in unvaccinated child Fever too high Fibrillation and flutter Fibrillation Wave (Fib wave)Fibula Fick principle Fick's Law of diffusion Figure 8 bandaging Filtration fraction Fine AF Finger amputation Finger dislocation Finger relocation Finger thoracostomy and chest drains Fingertip avulsion FiO2 First and zero order elimination kinetics First Degree AV Block (1°AVB)First Degree SA Block (1°SAB)First pass metabolism First trimester bleeding First, second and third degree AV blocks Fish hook pattern Fisher scale Fits, Faints and Funny Turns Fixed rate FLACC Flail chest Flat ST Segment (Flat ST)Flat T Wave (Flat T)Flatline Flatlining electrode detachment Flattened or Inverted T waves Flecainide Flecainide Toxicity (Flecainide)Flexion teardrop # Flexor retinaculum anatomy Flexor tenosynovitis Fluid restriction Fluid status Ex Flumazenil Flutter P Wave (Flutter)Focal Atrial Tachycardia (Atrial Tach)Fontaine classification (PVD) Fontaine Leads Food poisoning FOOSH Foot blocks Foot extensor and flexor retinaculum Foot injury Foot joints Foot pain Foot X-ray Forced expiratory volume measurement Forearm anterior muscles Forearm compartments fascia and contents Forearm cross sectional anatomy Forearm injury Forearm posterior muscles Foreign body ingestion Foreign body removal Forrester-Diamond-Swan classification Foundations Fournier's gangrene Fracture healing Fracture Mx FRAG Fragmented QRS Frailty Framingham (CCF) Frank-Starling law Free radical mechanism of cell injury Frequent extrasystoles Frostbite Frusemide Functional anatomy of the nephron Fungal infections Fusion Beat Galeazzi # Gallstones Gamekeepers thumb Ganglion blockers Gartland classification Gartland I Gartland II Gartland III Gastric bubble Gastric bubble vs pleural effusion Gastritis Gastro vs appendicitis Gastroenteritis Gastroesophageal reflux Gastrointestinal Gastrointestinal Bleeding (GI Bleed)Generations of H1 antagonists Genetic mutations associated with neoplasia Geneva Score Geneva score for PE Genitourinary trauma Gentamicin Geriatric trauma Geriatrics & Pall Care Gestational trophoblastic disease GHB and related compound poisoning Gibbs-Donnan effect GIT hormones GIT innervation Gitelman syndrome Giving feedback Glasgow Coma scale (GCS) Glasgow-Blatchford Bleeding Score (GBS) Glasgow-Imrie Criteria Glaucoma Glenohumeral movements and stability Glomerular disease Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) Glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids glucose Glucose regulation Gluteal muscles Glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) Gout Gout drug poisoning Grade I AC Injury Grade II AC Injury Grade III AC Injury Graded escalation Gradual onset tachycardia Gram negative sepsis Granulomatous inflammation ie TB Graves' disease Great vessel injury Great vessels of the heart Greater and lesser sciatic foramen Greenstick # Grid squares Grouped Rhythm (Grouped)Growth Growth factors Guillain Barre Guillain-Barre Gustilo classification H pylori H wave Haem & Imm & Onc Haem Ex Haematemesis Haematopoiesis Haematuria Haemoglobin Oxygen dissociation curve Haemoglobin problems Haemoglobinopathies Haemolytic screen Haemolytic uremic syndrome Haemopericardium Haemophilia Haemophilus influenzae Haemoptysis Haemoptysis vs epistaxis Haemorrhage Haemorrhage control - general measures Haemorrhagic fevers Haemorrhoids Haemostasis Haemothorax HAGMA (HAGMA)Haissaguerre Syndrome Haldane effect Half Height Calibration (Half Height)Half life Hallpike & Epley Manoeuvre Hallucinations Hallucinogen poisoning Hand arteries Hand compartments and spaces Hand deep space infection Hand dorsal muscle origins and insertions Hand fascia Hand flexor tendon sheaths Hand foreign body Hand injury Hand laceration Hand muscle actions Hand muscles Hand nerves Hand pain Hand palmar muscle origins and insertions Hanging Hangman # HAS-BLED Hathook junction Hb Hb and HbF HCC HCO3 Head CT Head trauma Headache HEADS Hearing and equilibrium Hearing loss Heart Heart failure drugs HEART score Heart transplantation Heat illness Heat loss mechanisms Heavy metal poisoning Held in abduction Held in internal rotation HELLP Hemidiaphragm vs effusion Hemochromatosis Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation Henry's law Heparin Hepatic encephalopathy Hepatic encephalopathy grades Hepatic failure Hepatic injury Hepatitis Hepatorenal syndrome Herbicide poisoning Hernia reduction Herpes simplex Herpes zoster Herpetic infections HHS Hiatus Hernia Hidden P Wave (Hidden P)Hidden Pacemaker Spikes High grade ankle sprain High Grade AV Block (High Grade AVB)High Lateral MI High Osmolar Gap High output ileostomy High pressure injection injury High take off High V1/V2 Misplacement (High V1/V2)High vagal tone High voltage electrical injury High-speed Hill Sachs deformity Hilton's law Himalayan P waves Hip joint Hip pain, distal femur # Hip relocation Hip stability Hip/pelvis injury Histamine receptor types HITS (DV) HITTS HIV HIV/AIDs path Hoarse voice HOCM Hollow viscus injury Horizontal ST Depression (STD Horizontal)Hormone poisoning Horner Syndrome Host immunse defence mechanisms Hot debrief HPV HSP HSV Humeroradial joint movements and stability Humeroulnar joint movements and stability Humerus Humerus greater tuberosity # Humerus lesser tuberosity # Hunt-Hess scale Hunter Serotonin Toxicity criteria Hydrocephalus Hydrochlorthiazide Hydrogen fluoride / hydrofluoric acid poisoning Hydroxychloroquine toxicity Hyper abducted arm Hyper and hypoadrenalism Hyper and hypoparathyroidism Hyper and hypothyroidism Hyperacute T MI - Bulky Hyperacute T MI - Tall Hyperacute T Wave (HyperT)Hyperacute T Waves Hyperaemia and congestion including liver or lung congestion Hyperaldosteronism Hypercalcaemia (HyperCa)Hypercalcemia Hypercarbia Hyperchloremia Hyperemesis gravidarum Hyperglycemia Hyperkalemia (HyperK)Hyperlactatemia Hypermagnesaemia Hypermagnesemia Hypernatremia Hyperparathyroidism Hyperphosphatemia Hypersensitivity reactions Hypertension (HTN)Hypertensive cerebrovascular disease Hypertensive vascular disease Hyperthermia Hyperthermia DDx Hyperthyroidism Hypertonic saline Hypertonic saline 3% Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Hypertrophy Hypertrophy & MI Hypertrophy and hyperplasia Hyperviscosity syndrome Hyphaema Hypoattenuating intracranial lesions (CTB hypodense)Hypocalcaemia (HypoCa)Hypocalcemia Hypochloremia Hypochromic microcytic anaemia Hypoglycaemic poisoning Hypoglycemia Hypokalemia (HypoK)Hypomagnesaemia (HypoMg)Hypomagnesemia Hyponatremia Hypopyon Hypotension Hypothalamic function Hypothermia Hypothermia arrest Hypothermic hump Hypothyroid crisis Hypothyroidism Hypoxia Hypoxia and ischemia Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction Iatrogenic mechanical hypoventilation IBS – ROME II ICD ICD Overdrive Pacing ICH score ICU / HDU Idiopathic intracranial HTN – Modified Dandy Criteria Idioventricular rhythm IgA nephropathy Iliac wing # Iliotibial band syndrome Immune deficiencies Immunisations Impaired colleague Inappropriate Sinus Tachycardia Incidental Findings Incision and drainage Incision and drainage of thrombosed external haemorrhoid Incomplete Left Bundle Branch Block (iLBBB)Incomplete Right Bundle Branch Block (iRBBB)Incontinence Indeterminate QRS Axis (Indeterminate Axis)Indistinguishable Mimics Individual Patient Management Plans Induction agents Industrial exposures Industrial metal poisoning Infant Normal QT Interval Infection control in the ED Infection from a marine source Infection in the burns patient Infectious Disease Infectious disease surveillance Infectious hepatitis Infectious mononucleosis Infective endocarditis Inferior aneurysm (Inf aneurysm)inferior infarction Inferior Ischemia (ISCIN)Inferior ST Depression (Inf STD)Inferior ST Elevation (Inf STE)Inferior Vena Cava Inferior Wellens A MI Inferior Wellens B MI Inferolateral Ischemia (ISCIL)Inferolateral MI Inflammatory bowel disease Inflammatory bowel medications Influenza Influenza shift and drift Influenza/parainfluenza infrafascicular tachycardia Inguinal canal Inhalation injury Inhalational anaesthetic agents Inhaled foreign body Initial ECG Injury rehabilitation Inotropes and vasopressors Inotropes, vasopressors and adjuncts Insect envenomation Insecticide Organophosphate and Carbamate poisoning Intermittent haemodialysis Intermittent LBBB Intermittent Left Bundle Branch Block (Int LBBB)Intermittent Right Bundle Branch Block (Intermittent RBBB)Internal surface of the anterolateral abdominal wall Interpolated Premature Ventricular Complex Interrupted R progression Interrupted Rhythm (Interrupted)Interstitial lung disease subtypes and examples Intertrochanteric #NOF Intervals Intra-aortic balloon pumps and ventricular assist devices Intra-arterial drug injection Intra-Ventricular Conduction Delay (IVCD)Intracellular accumulations Intracranial abscess Intracranial aneurysms Intracranial haemorrhage Intracranial haemorrhage (ICH)Intracranial haemorrhage path Intracranial Problems Intraoccular pressure measurement Intraoral lacerations Intraosseous access (IO access)Intrathoracic shoulder dislocation Intraventricular conduction delay Intrinsic back muscle details Intrinsic back muscles Intrinsic susceptibility of nerve fibres Intussusception Inverted P Wave (Inv P)Inverted P waves Inverted T Wave (Tinv)Inverted U Wave (Inv U)Ipratropium Iron absorption Iron deficiency anaemia Iron poisoning Irregular Rhythm (Irreg)Irritable bowel syndrome Ischaemic bowel Ischaemic heart disease Ischemia causing arrhythmia Ischemic limb Isoelectric complex Isoelectric method Isoimmunisation Isolated coin lesions on CXR Isolated Posterior MI Isolation of patients with infectious disease Isoprenaline Isorhythmic Dissociation IV fluid solutions IV fluids IV induction and maintenance anaesthetic agents IV Magnesium J point elevation J wave Jaundice Jaundice causes and pathophys Jefferson # Jellyfish stings Jersey finger Jervell-Lange-Nielson syndrome JMO Mentoring JMO teaching Joint fluid interpretation Joint pain Joints and ligaments of the pelvic girdle Joints of the thoracic wall Jones criteria Jugular venous pressure waves (JVP) Junctional Bradycardia (Junctional Brady)Junctional Escape Junctional Escape Beat (JEB)Junctional extrasystole Junctional rhythms Junctional Tachycardia Junctional trauma haemorrhage control Juvenile T Wave Pattern K K wave Kanavel's signs for flexor tenosynovitis Katz-Wachtel phenomenon Katz-Wachtel sign Kawasaki criteria Kawasaki disease Keratitis Ketamine Ketone bodies Ketones Kidneys, ureters and suprarenal glands Killip Classification Kinetics Kings College Criteria for Paracetamol Toxicity Knee bursae Knee dislocation Knee immobiliser application Knee injury Knee joint Knee stability Knee X-ray Knee/ tib-fib xray interpretation Kocher criteria Korotkov sounds Kounis Syndrome Kreb's cycle La Belle Indifference LA/LL and RA/RL Electrode Reversal (LA/LL + RA/RL)LA/LL Electrode Reversal (LA/LL)LA/RA Electrode Reversal (LA/RA)LA/RL Electrode Reversal (LA/RL)Lab tests and hepatobiliary dysfunction Labetalol Labyrinthitis Laceration lactate Lactation Lactic acidosis Lactic acidosis Cohen and Woods classification LAD LAD MI Variations LAD occlusion LAFB Bifascicular Block (LAFB + RBBB)Lake Louise Score (AMS) Laminar flow Large bowel obstruction Large squares Large squares rate Laryngoscopy Laryngospasm Laryngotracheal injury Larynx Late delta wave Late QRS Transition (Late Transition)Late R Wave Progression Lateral airways X-ray Lateral Canthotomy Lateral epicondylitis Lateral ischemia (ISCLA)Lateral malleolus # Lateral ST Depression (STD lateral)Lateral ST Elevation (Lateral STE)Law of LaPlace Laxative poisoning Laxatives Layers of cervical viscera Layers of the scalp LCL injury LCx MI Bifascicular Block (LCx + Bifasc Block)LCx Occlusion Le Fort fractures Le Fort I Le Fort II Le Fort III Lead aVF Lead aVL Lead aVR Lead I Lead I Sign Lead II Lead III Lead V1 Lead V2 Lead V3 Lead V4 Lead V4R Lead V5 Lead V6 Lead V7 Lead V8 Lead V9 Leads and electrodes Left Anterior Fascicular Block (LAFB)Left Atrial Enlargement (LAE)Left atrial hypertrophy Left axis deviation DDx Left Bundle Branch Block (LBBB)Left Main Critical Stenosis (LMCA Stenosis)Left Main MI Bifascicular Block (Left Main + Bifasc)Left Main Occlusion Left P Axis Left Posterior Fascicular Block (LPFB)Left QRS Axis (Left Axis)Left Ventricular Aneurysm (LV Aneurysm)Left Ventricular Hypertrophy (LVH)Left Ventricular Hypertrophy LAD MI (LVH + LAD MI)Left Ventricular Hypertrophy LCx MI (LVH LCx MI)Left Ventricular Hypertrophy RCA MI (LVH RCA MI)Left Ventricular Noncompaction Cardiomyopathy (LV Noncompaction)Left Ventricular Strain Leg muscles Leg rotation in #NOF Legal aspects of mental health care Leiomyoma Lenègre-Lev disease (Lenègre)Lengthening PR Interval (Lengthening PR)Lethargy Leukopenia Levetiracetam Lewis Lead LFT Light's criteria Lightbulb sign Lignocaine Limb Leads Limping child Lincosamides Lipid digestion and absorption Lipids and cholesterol Lis Franc Injury (LisFranc)Lithium Lithium toxicity Liver diseases in pregnancy Liver failure Liver functions Liver infarction Liver transplant patients Liver, biliary duct and gallbladder LLL Pneumonia LMA insertion Loading and maintenance dose calculation Lobar collapse Local anaesthesia Local anaesthetic Local anaesthetic classification Local anaesthetic mechanisms Local anaesthetic toxicity Local anaesthetics Local and topical anaesthetic Local factors affecting blood flow Long PR Interval (Long PR)Long QT Interval (Long QT)Long QT syndrome (Long QT Synd)Long R Wave Peak Time Long RS Interval Loop diuretics Loss of Consciousness (LOC)Loss of Precordial T Wave Balance Lower leg pain Lower limb development Lower limb nerve injury patterns Lown Ganong Levine Syndrome (LGL)LPFB Bifascicular Block (LPFB + RBBB)Ludwig angina Lumbar back pain Lumbar puncture Lumbar puncture layers Lumbar radiculopathy Lumbricals and interossei Lump Lump / skin Ex Lump photo Lunate dislocation Lung & Pericardial Lung compliance and elasticity Lung metabolic function Lung pressure volume curve Lung transplants Lung tumours and metastases Lung ultrasound Lung USS Lung vessels Lung volumes and dead space Lungs and tracheobronchial tree Luxatio erecta LV Aneurysm LVH Lymphadenitis Lymphangitis Lymphatic drainage of the breast Lymphatic drainage of the lower limb Lymphatics of the neck MAC (anaesthesia) Machine interpretation Machine Interpretation Error Macrolides Maculopapular rashes DDx Magnesium Maisonneuve # Major trials in ACS Makeup of Lymph Malabsorption syndromes Malaria Malaria path Male Male and female urogenital triangles Male internal genital organs Male pattern Malignancies of bone Malignancies of genitalia Malignancies of the lower urinary tracts Malignancy Malignant hypertension Malignant J waves Malignant pericardial effusion Mallampati Malleolar fracture scale Mallet and Jersey finger Mallet finger Mallory-Weiss syndrome Malposition and malpresentation in labour Mandatory police testing Mandible # Mandibular fractures Mangled Extremity Severity Score Mannitol Marijuana intoxication MASCC (febrile neutropenia) Masquerading Bundle Branch Block (MBBB)Massive haemoptysis Massive Transfusion Protocol MAST suit Mastectomy Mastitis Mastoiditis Maxillary artery Maxillofacial trauma Mayfield classification MCL injury Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) Measles Measles path Measuring cerebral blood flow Measuring compartment pressures Mechanical CPR (Lucas) Mechanisms of antiarrhythmics Mechanisms of arrhythmias Mechanisms of focal cerebral ischemia Mechanisms of left ventricular hypertrophy Mechanisms of pronation and supination Mechanisms of resistance in antibiotics Medial epicondylitis Medial malleolus # Median nerve branches Median nerve course Mediastinal masses Mediastinitis Mediastinum Medical problems after spinal cord injuries MELD MEN syndromes Meniere's disease Meninges Meningitis and encephalitis Meningococcaemia Meniscal injury Menstrual cycle Mental Health Ex Mental State Ex Mesenteric ischaemia Mesenteric ischemia Mesothelioma Metabolic Acidosis Metabolic acidosis HAGMA DDx Metabolic acidosis NAGMA DDx Metabolic alkalosis Metabolic alkalosis DDx Metabolic compensation Metabolic liver disorders Metacarpal # Metaplasia and dysplasia Metatarsal # METHANE report metHb Methemoglobinemia Methemoglobinemia (MetHb) Methotrexate poisoning Methylxanthine poisoning Metoprolol Metronidazole MHC MI Resembles BER MIC (antibiotics) Microbes evading immune response Microbial transmission Microscopic changes in liver injury Midbrain and basal ganglia Midface # haemorrhage management Midshaft clavicle # Midshaft femur # Migraine Milk alkali syndrome Mimics & Challenges Minimal handling Miscarriage Miscarriage types Missed MI Mistakes & patient safety incidents Mitral stenosis (MS)Mittelschmerz Mixed acid-base Mixed acid-base interpretation MMSE MOCA Modified Rankin Scale (MRS) Modified RSI Modified Sgarbossa Negative (Sgarb Neg)Molecular basis of cancer Monitor and Investigate Further Monoclonal antibodies in asthma Monomorphic Ventricular Tachycardia (monoVT)Monteggia # Morbidity and mortality meetings More Patterns Morton's neuroma Motor neurone disease Motor unit Motor Vehicle Accident (MVA)Mouth lesion Movement disorder Movements of the thoracic wall MSK Ankle / foot Ex MSK Elbow Ex MSK Hand Ex MSK Hip Ex MSK Knee Ex MSK Shoulder Ex MSK Spine Ex Multi-Vessel Disease Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia (MAT)Multifocal Ectopics Multiple blocks Multiple ectopics Multiple myeloma Multiple organ dysfunction Multiple Rhythms Multiple sclerosis Muscle functional unit Muscle physiology and mediators Muscle relaxant reversal Muscle relaxants Muscle relaxants for spasticity Muscle spindle Muscles and fascia of the posterior abdominal wall Muscles of respiration Muscles of the anterolateral abdominal wall Muscles of the face and scalp Muscles of the foot Muscles of the thoracic wall Muscular Dystrophy Mushroom poisoning Myalgia Myasthenia gravis and Eaton-Lambert syndrome Mycoplasma infections Mydriasis Myelodysplastic disorders Myelofibrosis and myelodysplasia Myocardial Bridging Myocardial contusion Myocardial infarction (MI)Myocardial Infarction With Non-obstructive Coronary Arteries (MINOCA)Myocardial Ischemia (Ischemia)Myocardial Rupture Myocarditis Myocarditis vs viral illness Myopericarditis Myotomes of the lower limb Myxoedema N-acetylcysteine Na Na/K ATPase NAFLD NAGMA (NAGMA)Nail avulsion Nailbed laceration Naloxone Naming complexes Naming petechiae and purpura Naming Waves Naphthalene/camphor poisoning Narrow Complex Rhythm Narrow QRS Nasal foreign body Nasal fractures Nasal packing Nasogastric tube insertion Navicular # Nebulised adrenaline Nebulised budesonide Nebulisers vs inhalers Neck arteries and veins Neck lump Neck mass Neck muscle details Neck muscles Neck pain Neck triangles and regions Necrosis Necrotising enterocolitis Necrotising fasciitis Needle Cricothyrotomy Jet Ventilation Needle thoracocentesis Needlestick / Body fluid exposure Negative complex Negative wave (neg)Neisseria Neonatal Normal QRS Axis Neopuff Nephritic vs nephrotic syndromes Nephron Nephrotic syndrome Nerve action potentials Nerve fibre types Nerve injury clinical patterns of the upper limb Nerves of the abdominal wall Nerves of the face and scalp Nerves of the orbit Nerves of the thoracic wall Neuralgia Neuro Neuro Central Ex Neuro Cerebellar Ex Neuro CN Ex Neuro control of the cardiovascular system Neuro LL Ex Neuro UL Ex Neurocritical intubation Neurodegenerative diseases Neurohumoral control of the gallbladder Neuroleptic malignant syndrome Neuromuscular junction Neuronal response to disease Neuropraxia Neuroprotective intubation Neurotransmitters Neutropenia Newborn resuscitation NEXUS criteria Nexus CT chest Nexus Head injury Nexus II (paeds) Nightstick # NIHSS score Nitric oxide Nitrofurantoin Nitrous oxide No Rate No Reflow (No reflow)Non-cardiovascular effects of sympathomimetics Non-invasive ventilation Non-Sustained Ventricular Tachycardia (NSVT)Non-sustained VT Non-traumatic splenic rupture Nonaccidental injury Nondiagnostic ECG Nonspecific ST changes (NST_)Nonspecific T Wave Changes Noradrenaline Normal A-a Normal Angiogram (Normal Angio)Normal Anion Gap Normal control of tissue growth and regeneration Normal CXR Normal ECG (Normal)Normal Osmolar Gap Normal P Axis Normal P Wave (Normal P)Normal P waves Normal Paediatric T wave Pattern (Normal Paeds T)Normal pH Normal potassium Normal PR Interval (Normal PR)Normal PR Segment Normal Q Wave (Normal Q)Normal QRS Axis (Normal Axis)Normal QRS Transition (Normal Transition)Normal QRST angle Normal QT Interval (Normal QT)Normal R wave progression Normal Rate Normal shoulder Normal Sinus Rhythm (NSR)Normal ST Segment (Normal ST)Normal T Axis Normal T Wave (Normal T)Normal U wave Normoglycemia Nose anatomy Notched J Point Notched S Wave Nadir Notched Wide R Wave Notched Wide S Wave (Cabrera)NSAID poisoning NSAID toxicity NSAIDs NYHA (CCF) O&G Obesity Obesity Hypoventilation syndrome Obstructive airways disease pathophysiology Obstructive LFTs Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Obstructive uropathy Obstructive vs restrictive lung disease Occular burns (caustic, flash, thermal) Octreotide Odontoid # type I Odontoid # type II Odontoid # type III Oedema Oesophageal foreign body Oesophageal malignancies Oesophageal perforation Oesophageal stricture and stenosis Oesophageal varices Oesophagitis Oesophagus Oesophagus and stomach Ogilvy and Carter scale Old and Subacute MI Old Anterior MI Old Inferior MI Old Lateral MI Olecranon # Open book pelvic # Open fracture OPG X-ray Ophthalmic drugs Ophthalmoscopy Opiate adverse effects acute vs chronic use Opiate dependence treatment Opiate tolerance Opiate Toxicity Opiates Opioid equivalences Opioid poisoning Opioid receptor subtypes Opportunistic infections in immunosuppression Optic nerve Optic nerve conditions Optic neuritis Oral cancer Oral manifestations of systemic disease Orbital abscess Orbital and periorbital cellulitis Organ donation Organ effects of beta blockers Organic brain Syndrome Organophosphate Toxicity Orlowski scale Ortho & Rheum Orthodromic AVRT (AVRT Ortho)Orthopantomagram (OPG) Osborn Wave Osgood Schlatter Osmolar gap calculation osmolarity Osmolarity vs osmolality Osmotic demyelination Osmotic diuretics Osmotic vs water diuresis Osteoarthritis Osteomyelitis Osteomyelitis Mx Osteomyelitis path Osteonecrosis Osteoporosis Osteoporosis drugs Otalgia Other Other Cardiac Syncope Other demyelinating conditions Other receptors in BP control Other venomous bites and stings Other waves Otitis externa Otitis media Ottawa ankle rules Ottawa knee rule Ottawa SAH rule Ovarian cysts and complications Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome Ovarian tumours Over the counter medicine toxicity Overuse syndromes Oxidation and reduction Oximes Oxygen Oxygen transport in blood P congenitale P Mitrale P pulmonale P tricuspidale P tricuspidale of Zuckermann P wave (p)P Waves P/F ratio P450 Inducers and Inhibitors P450 isoenzymes P:QRS ratio Paced Syncope Pacemaker action potentials Pacemaker Lead Misplacement (Pacing Lead Error)Pacemaker Mediated Tachycardia Pacemaker problems Pacemaker Spikes (Pacing Spikes)Pacemaker types Pacemakers Paediatric (Paeds)Paediatric airway management Paediatric Appendicitis Score (PAS) Paediatric bradycardia Paediatric coma score Paediatric Cspine X-ray Interpretation Paediatric ECG Paediatric Elbow Xray Interpretation Paediatric First Degree AV Block Paediatric GORD Paediatric Hypertrophy Paediatric Intervals Paediatric IVC Paediatric Left Bundle Branch Block Paediatric Left Ventricular Hypertrophy Paediatric metabolic disease Paediatric Neonatal T Wave Paediatric Normal PR Interval Paediatric Normal QRS Axis (Paed Normal Axis)Paediatric normal rate Paediatric pseudo-tachy Paediatric rehydration Paediatric resuscitation Paediatric Right Bundle Branch Block Paediatric Right Ventricular Hypertrophy Paediatric safe discharge (Paeds Safe DC)Paediatric seizures Paediatric sepsis Paediatric T waves Paediatric tachycardia Paediatric trauma Paediatric Trauma Score (PTS) Paediatric Ventricular Tachycardia Paediatric Wide QRS Paediatrics Paeds Paget's disease Pain Pain management Pain on movement Pain out of Proportion Painful eye Palatal torus Palatal torus vs oral cancer Palliative end of life Mx Palpable humeral head Palpitations (Palps)Pancoast syndrome Pancreas anatomy Pancreatic and bile secretions Pancreatic injury Pancreatic islet cell structure Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours Pancreatitis Pancytopenia Pandemic preparations Panhypopituitarism Papular and nodular rashes DDx Paracetamol Paracetamol poisoning Paracetamol toxicity Paraneoplastic disorders of CNS and PNS Paraneoplastic syndromes Paraneoplastic syndromes in lung tumours Paraneoplastic syndromes Path Paraproteinemia Parasystole Parathyroid disorders Parental reassurance Parkinson Disease Paronychia Paronychia drainage Paroxysmal atrial tachycardia Paroxysmal tachycardia Partial metabolic compensation Partial respiratory compensation Partially treated acid-base problems Patella Patella dislocation Patella ligament rupture Patellofemoral pain Pathogenesis of sudden cardiac death Pathological Q Wave Pathology Patient education Patient Transfers Patterns of cerebral herniation Patterns of CNS vascular injury Pauses PCL injury pCO2 PE Arrest PE Severity Index PEA Litman Algorithm Peaked P waves Peaked T Wave (Peaked T)PECARN Pediatric Intra-Abdominal Injury (IAI) Algorithm Pelvic arteries Pelvic avulsion # Pelvic binder Pelvic bones Pelvic fascia Pelvic nerves Pelvic organs Pelvic stabilisation techniques Pelvic trauma Pelvic ultrasound Pelvic veins Pelvis and hip X-ray Pelvis/Hip X-ray Pemphigoid Pemphigus Penetrating abdominal injury Penetrating neck injury Penetrating thoracic injury Penicillamine Penicillins for rheumatic fever Penile rupture Peptic ulceration PERC Perforated TM Pericardial disease Pericardial Effusion Pericardiocentesis Pericarditis Pericarditis and myocarditis Pericardium Perilunate dislocation Perinatal respiration Period of observation Periodic Fever, Aphthous Stomatitis, Pharyngitis, and Adenitis (PFAPA)Periodic paralysis Peripheral neuropathy Peripheral vascular disease Peritoneal adhesions Peritoneal dialysis Peritonitis Peritonsillar abscess Permissive hypotension Persistent Juvenile T waves Perthes Petechial and purpuric rash DDx pH pH definitions Phaeochromocytoma (Phaeo)Phagocytosis in detail Phalangeal # Pharyngitis Phenoxybenzamine Phentolamine Phenytoin Phimosis/paraphimosis Physiological antagonism Physiologically challenging airways PID Pilon # Piriformis syndrome Pituitary diseases Pituitary hormones Pituitary insufficiency pKa Placental abruption Placental and foetal circulation Plant ingestion poisoning Plantar fasciitis Plastering Platelets Pleomorphic Ventricular Tachycardia (Pleomorphic VT)Pleural effusion Pleural effusion path Pleural reflections Pneumomediastinum Pneumonia Pneumonia Severity Index (PSI) Pneumonia vs CCF Pneumothorax Pneumothorax average interpleural distance pO2 Poiseuille-Hagen formula and determinants of flow within a vessel Poison Centres Polyarteritis nodosa Polycystic kidney diease Polycystic kidney disease Polycythaemia Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia (PMVT)Polymorphic VT Polypharmacy Poor Contact Artefact (contact)Poor R wave progression Popliteal fossa Portal hypertension Portosystemic anastomoses Positioning for intubation Positive and negative waves Positive complex Positive wave (pos)Post antibiotic effect Post Arrest ECGs Post Electrical Cardioversion Post resuscitation care Post-Intervention ECG Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis Post-thyroidectomy bleed Mx Post-tonsillectomy bleed Posterior elbow dislocation Posterior fat pad sign Posterior hip dislocation posterior infarct Posterior Leads Posterior MI Posterior MI RBBB Posterior shoulder dislocation Posterior Wellens MI Postinfarction Regional Pericarditis (PIRP)Postnatal depression Postpartum fever Postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) Posture and gait Potassium sparing diuretics Potency and Efficacy PR interval PR interval variations PR segment PR Segment Depression (PR depress)PR Segment Elevation Prazosin Pre-arrest ECGs Pre-eclampsia Pre-eclampsia & Eclampsia Pre-excitation Precipitous labour and delivery in ED Precordial swirl (Swirl)PREDICT, PECARN & CHALICE Pregnancy Pregnancy induced hypertension Pregnant Pregnant arrest Prehospital & Aeromedical transport Prehospital & Resus Premature Atrial Complex (PAC)Premature Beat Premature beats Premature Junctional Complex (PJC)Premature labour Premature rupture of membranes Premature Ventricular Complex (PVC)Prepatellar bursitis Prerenal failure (High U:C)Pressure immobilisation Pressure injury Prevertebral muscles Previous severe illness Priapism Priapism aspiration Prilocaine Primary acid-base disturbance Primary acid-base disturbances Primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis. Primary brain tumours Primary vs secondary glomerular disease Prinzmetal Angina Prion diseases Prisoners Private Emergency Medicine Probenecid Procedural sedation Procedures and coagulopathy Proctoscopy and sigmoidoscopy prolonged pr Promethazine Propofol Propranolol Propranolol Toxicity Prostatic hypertrophy Prostatitis Prosthetic joint Prosthetic shoulder dislocation Protein and nucleic acid digestion and absorption Protein synthesis Protozoal infections Proximal clavicle # Proximal LAD MI Bifascicular Block (Prox LAD + Bifasc)Proximal LAD MI RBBB Proximal LAD MI – Precordial Swirl Pseudo anisocoria Pseudo Brugada Pseudo cholinesterase deficiency Pseudo pneumothorax Pseudo R' Wave (Pseudo R')Pseudo-cyanosis Pseudo-Normalised ST Segment (Pseudo-Normal ST)Pseudo-Normalised T Wave (Pseudo-Normal T)Pseudoaneurysm Pseudofusion Pseudonormalised hypokalemia Psych & Addiction Psychiatric Ix Psychogenic polydipsia Psychosis PTB-XL Pterion Pubic rami # Pulled elbow Pulled Elbow Mx Pulmonary blood flow Pulmonary circulation mechanisms Pulmonary contusion Pulmonary Embolism (PE)Pulmonary hypertension Pulmonary infections Pulmonary oedema Pulmonary oedema path Pulmonary tumours Pulsatile abdomen Pulse oximetry Pulseless Electrical Activity (PEA)PV Bleeding Pyelonephritis Pyloric stenosis Pyuria DDx Q wave (q)Q Wave LAD MI (Q Wave LAD MI)Q Wave RCA MI Q waves QR complex (qr)QRS Alternans QRS complex (qrs)QRS fragmentation QRS height QRS Patterns QRS transition QRS Twisting QRS width QS complex (qs)qSOFA (Quick SOFA) Score QT interval QT interval variations Quadrants method Quadrigeminy Quality Quality Improvement Cycle Quetiapine Toxicity Quinidine Toxicity Quinolones Quinsy Quinsy aspiration R in aVR R in V1 R wave (r)RA/LL Electrode Reversal RA/RL Electrode Reversal Radial head # Radial nerve branches Radial nerve course Radial styloid # Radiation doses of imaging modalities Radiation injury Radiation proctitis Radiocapitellar line Radioulnar joints movement and stability Radius & Ulna RAE Raised A-a gradient Raised A-a gradient DDx Raised Anion Gap Raised hemidiaphragm Raised ICP Mx Raised Intracranial Pressure Raised Lactate DDx Ramipril Ramus Intermedius Occlusion Ranson's criteria Rapid AF Rapid infusion catheters Rash Rash photo (Rash)RASS sedation Rate Rate Controlled Atrial Fibrillation Rate-related ST Depression (Rate-related STD)Raynaud disease Raynaud's phenomenon Raynauds RBBB + MI RCA Occlusion RCM Re-occlusion REBOA Reciprocal Changes Reciprocal ST Depression (Recip STD)Rectal bleeding Rectal foreign bodies Rectal prolapse Red eye Red infarctions Red man syndrome Reflexes Regional anaesthesia of head and neck Regional anaesthesia of lower limb Regional anaesthesia of upper limb Regional circulation percentages Registrar in Difficulty Regular Rhythm (Regular)Regularised AF Regularity Reiter disease Relative hypokalemia (Rel HypoK)Renal & urology Renal acid base Renal circulation and regulation including GFR regulation Renal colic Renal disease Renal failure Renal hormones Renal injury Renal malignancies Renal response to haemorrhage Renal threshold Renal tract tumours Renal transplant complications Renal tubular diseases Renal tubular function Renin angiotensin system Reperfusion Reperfusion injury Reperfusion T Wave Reperfusion T waves Repetitive Monomorphic VT Repolarisation Repolarisation variants Reportable communicable diseases Research design Residual bodies Resolved Chest Pain Resp neoplastic disorders Respiratory acidosis Respiratory acidosis DDx Respiratory alkalosis Respiratory alkalosis DDx Respiratory compensation (Resp compensation)Respiratory Ex Respiratory exhaustion Respiratory failure Respiratory Quotient RQ Respiratory system under stress Responses to CNS hypoxia Resting membrane potential Restraint & sedation Restricting clot to site of injury Restrictive Cardiomyopathy Resus Human Factors Resus Lines Resuscitation termination Resuscitative hysterotomy Resuscitative thoracotomy Retained placenta Retained products of conception Reticular activating system Retinal detachment Retinal haemorrhage Retinal vascular occlusions Retro-orbital haematoma Retrograde P Wave (Retro P)Retroperitoneal abscess Retroperitoneal haematoma Retroperitoneal structures Retropharyngeal abscess Reverse Hill Sachs Reverse QRS Transition Reverse R wave progression Reverse Takotsubo Reversible and irreversible phases of MI Reversible vs irreversible cell injury Reversing anticoagulants Revised Baux score Revised Trauma Score Revision: Escape beats and rhythms Reynold's number Rhabdomyolysis Rheum Ex Rheumatic fever Rheumatic fever pathogenesis and consequences Rheumatoid arthritis Rhythm Challenges Rhythm strip average rate Rhythm Strip Only Rib fractures Ribs RIFLE (AKI) Right Atrial Enlargement (RAE)Right axis deviation DDx Right Bundle Branch Block (RBBB)Right Leads Right P Axis Right QRS Axis (Right Axis)Right Ventricular Hypertrophy (RVH)Right Ventricular MI (RV MI)Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Tachycardia (RVOT)Right Ventricular Strain Rim sign Ring removal Rivaroxaban RMVT Rockall score Role of vasoactive peptides in vasodilation and pain Romano Ward syndrome ROSIER scale Rostering Rotated CXR mimics widened mediastinum Rotated X-ray film Rotator cuff injury ROTEM RR interval RS complex (rs)RSI RSR complex (rsr)RSr' (RSR')rSR' Runaway Pacemaker Rupture or inversion of uterus RUSH ultrasound RVH RVLM S wave (s)S1Q3T3 SA exit block Saddleback ST Elevation (STE Saddleback)SADPERSONS SAH Salbutamol Salicylate poisoning Salicylate toxicity Saliva Salivary glands Salter Harris classification San Francisco Syncope Rule SaO2 Sarcoidosis (Sarcoid)Scaphoid # Scapholunate dissocation Scapula Scapula movement and stability Scapular # Scapular arteries Scapulothoracic dissociation Scar formation and fibrosis SCFE Schatzker classification Schizophrenia Sciatic nerve course Sciatica Sciatica vs ischemic leg SCID SCIWORA Scleroderma SCOFF SCORE-TEN (TEN/SJS) Second Degree AV Block (2°AVB)Second Degree AV Block 2:1 (2°AVB 2:1)Second Degree AV Block Mobitz Type 1 - Wenckebach (Wenckebach)Second Degree AV Block Mobitz Type 2 (Mobitz 2)Second Degree SA Block Type I (2°SAB Type 1)Second Degree SA Block Type II (2°SAB type 2)Second messenger systems Secondary brain tumours Secondary Repolarisation Changes (2° Repol Δ)Sedative / hypnotic / anxiolytic poisoning Sedative hypnotics Sedative Toxicity Segments Segond fracture Seizure (Seizure)Sensory nerves of the hand Sepsis Septal Hypertrophy Septal ST Elevation (Septal STE)Septic abortion Septic arthritis Septic shock Septic shock pathophys Serial ECG SERM Serotonergic poisoning Serotonin storage and metabolism Serotonin syndrome Serratus anterior block Serum & urine osmolarity Serum Cortisol Sex hormone drugs Sexual assault Sexually Transmitted Infections Sgarbossa criteria Sgarbossa LBBB Anterior MI (LBBB Anterior MI)Sgarbossa LBBB High Lateral MI (LBBB High Lateral MI)Sgarbossa LBBB Inferoposterior MI (LBBB Inferopost MI)Sgarbossa Paced Anterior MI (Paced Anterior MI)Sgarbossa Paced Inferoposterior MI (Paced Inferopost MI)Sgarbossa Paced Lateral MI Shapiro criteria (Blood cultures) Shared decision making Shark Fin ST Elevation (Shark Fin)Shin splints Shivering artefact Shock Shock DDx Shock index Shock Mx Short PR Interval (Short PR)Short QRS Short QT Interval (Short QT)Short QT Syndrome Short stay unit Short synacthen test Shortness of breath: anaemia / GI bleed Shoulder & clavicular stability Shoulder and upper arm x-ray Shoulder bursae Shoulder dystocia manoeuvres Shoulder fracture dislocation Shoulder injury Shoulder lipohaemarthrosis Shoulder muscles Shoulder nerves Shoulder pain Shoulder POCUS Shoulder relocation Shoulder tip pain post abdo injury Shoulder X-ray Shoulder X-ray Shunt complications Shunting and types Shunts and congenital heart disease SIADH Sick Sinus Syndrome (SSS)Sickle cell Sieve and sort Silent chest Simplified motor score Simulation Sine Wave Sinoventricular Rhythm Sinus Arrest Sinus Arrhythmia Sinus arrhythmia is not serious Sinus Bradycardia (Sinus Brady)Sinus Node Re-entrant Tachycardia (SNRT)Sinus Pause Sinus pause and arrest Sinus rhythm Sinus rhythms Sinus Tachycardia (Sinus Tach)Sinusitis SIRS Situs inversus Skeletal muscle contraction Skeletal muscle fibre types Skeletal muscle metabolism Skeletal muscle organisation Skiers thumb Skin Skin layers Skin lesion Skin rash Skin staining Skull bones Skull foramina Skull fractures SLE Sleep apnoea Slit lamp Ex Slow Slow Atrial Fibrillation Slow Atrial Flutter (Slow AFlutter)Slow-Fast AVNRT Slow-Slow AVNRT Slurred S in V6 Small Amplitude Changes Small and large intestine Small bowel obstruction (SBO)Small squares SMART goals SMARTCOP Smell and taste sensation Smith # Smooth muscle contraction Smooth muscle relaxant poisoning Snake bite SOAP-ME Sodium bicarbonate Sodium Channel Blocker Toxicity (NaBlocker)Sodium Channel Blockers Sodium chloride infusion Soiled airway (SALAD) Somatosensory pathways Sotalol Sotalol Toxicity Spermatic cord, scrotum and testis Spider bite Spiked Helmet Sign Spinal cord injury Spinal cord syndromes Spinal epidural abscess, discitis and osteomyelitis Spinal immobilisation techniques Spinal injury Spinal joints Spinal movements Spinal nerve roots Spinal stability Spinal stenosis and disc disease Spine curvatures Spine XR/CT Spine xray/CT interpretation Spirometry (spiro)Splanchnic circulation regulation Spleen Splenic functions Splenic injury Splenic rupture Splenomegaly Splenomegaly Path Spontaneous subconjunctival haemorrhage SR Ssynergism and antagonism in antimicrobials ST Depression (STD)ST Depression in aVL ST Elevation (STE)ST Elevation in a PVC ST Elevation in aVL ST Elevation in aVR ST Elevation in III>II (STE III >II)ST Elevation in Posterior Leads V7-9 ST Elevation in V1 ST Elevation in V4R (STE V4R)St John's wort ST Patterns ST segment Stages of lobar pneumonia Standard Calibration (Standard Calib)Standard settings Stanford classification Staph scalded skin syndrome Staphylococcus Starling forces and typical values Statins Statistics Status epilepticus STD DDx STDs STE DDx Steady state Steatosis STEMI on calibration error Sterilisation and disinfection Sternal injury Sternoclavicular dislocation Sternoclavicular movement and stability Steroid poisoning Steroid use in respiratory disease Steroids Stevens Johnson and Toxic epidermal necrolysis Stimson manoeuvre of hip Stinging fish Stomach cell types Stomatitis Straddle pelvic # Straightened ST Segment (Straight ST)Strain pattern Streptococcus Strict fluid balance Stridor Stridor at rest Stridor on exertion Structure and function of vertebrae Structures posterior to medial malleolus Strychnine poisoning Sub-Arachnoid Haemorrhage (SAH)Subarachnoid clinical presentations Subarachnoid haemorrhage risk factors Subcapital #NOF Subclavian artery course Subclavian vein branches Subclavian vein course Subcutaneous emphysema (Subcut emphysema)Subendocardial injury in anterolateral leads (INJAL)Subendocardial injury in anteroseptal leads (INJAS)Subendocardial injury in inferior leads (INJIN)Subendocardial injury in inferolateral leads (INJIL)Subendocardial injury in lateral leads (INJLA)Subtalar dislocation Subtle Anterior MI Subtle Atrial Infarction Subtle High Lateral MI Subtle Hyperacute T waves Subtle Inferior Reciprocal Change MI Subtle Inferoposterior MI Subtle Lateral MI (Subtle Lateral MI)Subtle MI - Loss of R Progression Only Subtle Patterns Subtle Reciprocal Changes Subtle Right Ventricular MI (Subtle RV MI)Subtotal LAD occlusion (Subtotal LAD)Subungual haematoma drainage Sudden infant death syndrome Sudden onset tachycardia Sudden visual loss Suicide and self harm Sulphonamides Summary of innervation of the abdominal viscera Superior mediastinum Supplemental Oxygen Supracondylar # Suprapubic catheter insertion Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT)Sural nerve course Surface anatomy of hip, thigh and gluteal Surface anatomy of the anterolateral abdominal wall Surface anatomy of the back Surface anatomy of the heart and mediastinal viscera Surface anatomy of the lungs Surfactant Surge management Surgery Surgical cricothyroidotomy Surgical neck of humerus # SURPRISE (pall care) SVC syndrome SVT SVT manoeuvres SVT with Aberrancy Swallowing Swiss Staging for Hypothermia Symmetrical lateral masses Symmetrical lateral masses on cspine XR Sympathomimetic poisoning Sympathomimetic toxicity Syncope Syncope & Palpitations Systematic causes of heart failure Systemic Illness Systemic Illness Mimics Systemic manifestations of renal disease T and U Waves T cells and Natural killer cells T Patterns T wave (t)T wave DDx T-U Wave (T-U)Ta Wave Tachy Syncope Tachycardia (Tachy)Tachycardic Tachyphylaxis Tachypnoea Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy (Takotsubo)Tall Biphasic Mid-Precordial QRS Tall or wide P waves Tall P Wave (Tall P)Tall QRS Tall T Wave (Tall T)Tall T waves Tall U Wave (Tall U)Tall Upright T in V1 Talus # Tarsal tunnel syndrome TB or not TB (CXR) TB or not TB (extrapulmonary) TCA toxicity TEG Telehealth Temporal arteritis Tenecteplase / thrombolytics Tension headache Tension pneumothorax Terminal QRS Distortion Tertiary vs quaternary amines in anticholinergics Testicular function Testicular torsion Tetanus Tetracaine Tetracyclines TFT TFTs Thalassemia The Anatomical Position The anticholinergic toxidrome The Cardiac Conduction System The Challenging ED patient The cholinomimetic toxidrome The Hateful Eight - signs of exsanguinating haemorrhage The Hexaxial Reference System Theophylline Therapeutic index Thermoregulation Thiamine Thiazide diuretics Thigh compartments and fascia Thigh muscle innervation and arterial supply Thigh muscles (anteromedial) origin and insertion Thigh muscles (gluteal and posterior) origin and insertions Thiopentone Third Degree AV Block (3°AVB)Third Degree SA Block (3°SAB)Thirst Thoracic and abdominal aneurysms Thoracic aorta Thoracic apertures Thoracic back pain Thoracic burst # Thoracic inlet anatomy Thoracostomy - finger / tube (ICC) Thrombocytopenia Thrombocytopenia Path Thrombocytosis Thrombolysis of CVA Thrombolysis reversal Thrombosis and embolism Thumb movements Thymus function and disorders Thyroid and neck nerves Thyroid drugs Thyroid hormones Thyroid malignancies Thyroid poisoning Thyroid storm Tib-Fib X-ray Tib/fib # Tibia Tibial and peroneal nerve courses Tibial plateau # Tibial shaft # Tibial spine # Tibial tuberosity # Tick borne infections Tile classification Tillaux # Time dependent vs concentration dependent killing (antibiotics) TIMI score for UA/NSTEMI Tinea pedis Tiotropium Tissue Plasminogen Activator TMJ dislocation TMJ syndrome Toddler # Toe # Tolerance Tombstone LAD MI Tombstone ST Elevation (Tombstones)Tongue innervation Tonicity Tonsillitis Topical rectal medications Torsades de Pointes (TdP)Torticollis Tortuous Aorta Tox & Enviro Tox and enviro ECG Tox Arrest Tox Risk assessment Toxic Alcohols Toxic alcohols Toxic and acquired metabolic diseases of the cNS Toxic gases poisoning Toxic marine ingestions Toxic shock syndrome Toxicology Toxidromes Ex Toxoplasmosis TP Wave Tracheal suctioning Tracheobronchial rupture Tracheostomy Emergencies Train of four Transcutaneous Pacing Artefact Transfer of unstable patients Transfusion Transfusion reactions Transient MI Transient Q wave Transient ST Elevation Transient synovitis Transplant complications Transport across cell membranes Transpyloric plane Transverse process # Trauma Trauma bypass Trauma in pregnancy Trauma Primary Survey Trauma Secondary survey Trauma Tertiary survey Trauma trimodal mortality peaks Traumatic amputation Traumatic arrest Traumatic asphyxia Tremor artefact Triage Trifascicular Block Trigeminal nerve branches Trigeminy Trigger finger Trimalleolar # Triplane # Triple acid-base disturbances Triple phase response Triplet Tripod # Trismus in airway management Trisomy 21 Trochanteric bursitis Trochlea # Trough sign Tuberculosis (TB) Tubular and interstitial disease Tumour growth Tumour lysis syndrome Type 1 and 2 pneumocytes Type II MI Types and causes of pulmonary oedema Types of AF Types of beta blockers (selectivity?) Types of cartilage Types of cerebral oedema Types of flutter Types of heart failure Types of joints Types of muscle Types of necrosis Types of second degree AV blocks Types of thyroiditis Types of VT Typhoid U Wave U waves U:C 40 - 100 U:C < 40 U:C > 100 UEC UECs Ulceration DDx Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's Ulcerative colitis – Truelove and Witts Ulna styloid # Ulnar nerve branches Ulnar nerve course Ultrasound for preg if urine neg Umbilical cord catheterisation Underperforming JMO Universal and standard precautions Unknown Toxic Ingestion (Tox)Unsettled infant Unwell Neonate Upper airway foreign body Upper airway obstruction from tumour Upper and lower motor neurons Upper Arm injury Upper limb dermatomes Upper limb lymphatics Upper limb myotomes Upper limb veins Upper lip bite test Upper Respiratory Tract Infection Upsloping ST Depression (STD Upsloping)Uraemia urea Urea:Creatinine Urea:Creatinine ratio calculation Ureteric injury Urethral injury Urgencies and emergencies in systemic rheumatic disease Urgent Reperfusion Needed Urinalysis Urinary catheter insertion Urinary organs Urinary retention Urinary tract obstruction Urine bHCG Urine MCS Urine Na Urolithiasis Urticarial and allergic rashes USS guided IV Usurpation Uterine prolapse Uterine rupture Uterine tumours UTI UTI in pregnancy UTIs and pyelonephritis Uveitis V/Q mismatch Vacant glenoid sign Vaccination in the ED Vaginal foreign body Vaginitis / vulvovaginitis Valproate Valsalva manoeuvre stages and effects Valvular disorders Valvular heart disease Vancomycin Variable P Wave (Variable P)Variable P waves Variable P:QRS Variable PR Interval (Variable PR)Variable Second Degree AV Block (Variable AVB)Variation in drug response Variations Varicella Varicose veins VAS Vascular diseases and the kidney Vascular response to injury Vascular tumour classification Vasopressin Vasopressin (ADH) Vaughan-Williams Classes of Anti-Arrhythmics VBG Vecuronium Vein finder machines Veins of the abdomen Veins of the abdominal wall Veins of the face and scalp Veins of the lower limb Veins of the thoracic wall Venous Blood Gas (VBG)Venous cutdown Venous drainage of the brain Venous vs arterial blood Ventilators Ventricular arrest rhythms Ventricular Bigeminy (Vent Bigeminy)Ventricular Blocks Ventricular Escape Ventricular Escape Beat (VEB)Ventricular extrasystole Ventricular Fibrillation (VF)Ventricular Flutter (VFlutter)Ventricular hypertrophy Ventricular Pacing Ventricular rate Ventricular rhythms Ventricular Standstill Ventricular system of the brain Ventricular Tachycardia (VT)Ventriculophasic Arrhythmia Verapamil verapamil-sensitive VT Vertebrae Vertebral crush # Vertical QRS Axis Vesico-ureteric reflux Vesicular and bullous rash DDx Vessels and nerves of the diaphragm Vessels of the spine and nerve roots Vessels of the vertebral column Violence in the workplace Viral exanthems Viral illness Virchow's triad Visual disturbance Vitamin K Vitamin poisoning Vitreous haemorrhage Viva Question Volar plate injury Volatile anaesthetics Volume of distribution Vomiting (Vomit)Von Willebrand Disease VP shunt tap Wall Motion Abnormality Walls and floor of the pelvic cavity Wandering Atrial Pacemaker (WAP)Wandering Baseline (Baseline wander)Warfarin Water and electrolytes in the GIT Water balance in the lung Waterhouse-Friderichson syndrome Wave Origins Waves WCT AV dissociation WCT BBB morphology WCT concordance WCT fusion & capture WCT width Weakness (Weak)Weber classification Wegener granulomatosis Weight loss Weight per volume solutions Wellbeing Wellens Syndrome Wells for DVT Wells for PE Westley score (Croup) WFNS SAH scale Wheeze Whiplash Whistler manoeuvre Whole bowel irrigation Wide Bifid P Wave (Wide P)Wide Complex Rhythm Wide Complex Tachycardia (WCT)Wide QRS (Wide QRS)Widened mediastinum Widened QRST Angle Widespread ST Depression (STD Widespread)Widespread ST Elevation (Widespread STE)Withdrawl reflex Wolff Parkinson White Syndrome (WPW)Wolff Parkinson White Syndrome Type A (WPW Type A)Wolff Parkinson White Syndrome Type B (WPW Type B)Work of breathing Wound closure Wound healing Wound photo Wound photo interpretation Wraparound LAD MI Wrist & Hand Stability Wrist and hand bones Wrist block Wrist injury Wrist movement Wrist/Forearm X-ray Wrist/hand xray Writing a protocol Xray changes in rheumatoid and osteoarthritis YEARS criteria Young pulsatile abdomen Young-Burgess classification Zero point survey Zygomatic arch #
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TOPIC: Withdrawal Reflex NUMBER: 3 OPENING Describe the withdrawal reflex? PROMPTS COMMENT QUES…
Withdrawl reflex ED Vivas 2006
Withdrawal Reflex 2006-2
ED Vivas
Question 5: Withdrawal reflex Ganong pp 135-6 i) Please describe the withdrawal reflex. P…
Withdrawl reflex ED Vivas 2009
Withdrawal Reflex 2009-1
ED Vivas